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We describe the Max Planck Institute Carbon Cycle DataAssimilation System (MPI-CCDAS) built around the tangent-linear version ofthe JSBACH land-surface scheme, which is part of the MPI-Earth System Modelv1. The simulated phenology and net land carbon balance were constrained byglobally distributed observations of the fraction of absorbedphotosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR, using the TIP-FAPAR product) andatmospheric CO2 at a global set of monitoring stations for the years2005 to 2009. When constrained by FAPAR observations alone, the systemsuccessfully, and computationally efficiently, improved simulatedgrowing-season average FAPAR, as well as its seasonality in the northernextra-tropics. When constrained by atmospheric CO2 observationsalone, global net and gross carbon fluxes were improved, despite a tendencyof the system to underestimate tropical productivity. Assimilating both datastreams jointly allowed the MPI-CCDAS to match both observations (TIP-FAPARand atmospheric CO2) equally well as the single data streamassimilation cases, thereby increasing the overall appropriateness of thesimulated biosphere dynamics and underlying parameter values. Our study thusdemonstrates the value of multiple-data-stream assimilation for thesimulation of terrestrial biosphere dynamics. It further highlights thepotential role of remote sensing data, here the TIP-FAPAR product, instabilising the strongly underdetermined atmospheric inversion problem posedby atmospheric transport and CO2 observations alone. Notwithstandingthese advances, the constraint of the observations on regional gross and netCO2 flux patterns on the MPI-CCDAS is limited through thecoarse-scale parametrisation of the biosphere model. We expect improvementthrough a refined initialisation strategy and inclusion of further biosphereobservations as constraints

Constraining a land-surface model with multiple observations by application of the MPI-Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System V1.0