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A fully coupled meteorology-chemistry model (WRF-Chem, the Weather Researchand Forecasting model coupled with chemistry) has been configured to conductquasi-global simulation for 5 years (2010–2014) and evaluated with multipleobservation data sets for the first time. The evaluation focuses on thesimulation over the trans-Pacific transport region using various reanalysisand observational data sets for meteorological fields and aerosol properties.The simulation generally captures the overall spatial and seasonalvariability of satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and absorbingAOD (AAOD) over the Pacific that is determined by the outflow of pollutantsand dust and the emissions of marine aerosols. The assessment of simulatedextinction Ångström exponent (EAE) indicates that the model generallyreproduces the variability of aerosol size distributions as seen bysatellites. In addition, the vertical profile of aerosol extinction and itsseasonality over the Pacific are also well simulated. The difference betweenthe simulation and satellite retrievals can be mainly attributed to modelbiases in estimating marine aerosol emissions as well as the satellitesampling and retrieval uncertainties. Compared with the surface measurementsover the western USA, the model reasonably simulates the observed magnitudeand seasonality of dust, sulfate, and nitrate surface concentrations, butsignificantly underestimates the peak surface concentrations of carbonaceousaerosol likely due to model biases in the spatial and temporal variability ofbiomass burning emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production. Asensitivity simulation shows that the trans-Pacific transported dust,sulfate, and nitrate can make significant contribution to surfaceconcentrations over the rural areas of the western USA, while the peaks ofcarbonaceous aerosol surface concentrations are dominated by the NorthAmerican emissions. Both the retrievals and simulation show small interannualvariability of aerosol characteristics for 2010–2014 averaged over threePacific sub-regions. The evaluation in this study demonstrates that theWRF-Chem quasi-global simulation can be used for investigating trans-Pacifictransport of aerosols and providing reasonable inflow chemical boundaries forthe western USA, allowing one to further understand the impact of transportedpollutants on the regional air quality and climate with high-resolutionnested regional modeling

Trans-Pacific transport and evolution of aerosols: evaluation of quasi-global WRF-Chem simulation with multiple observations