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Chemistry-transport models involve considerable computational expense. Finetemporal resolution offers accuracy at the expense of computation time.Assessment is needed of the sensitivity of simulation accuracy to theduration of chemical and transport operators. We conduct a series ofsimulations with the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model at differenttemporal and spatial resolutions to examine the sensitivity of simulatedatmospheric composition to operator duration. Subsequently, we compare thespecies simulated with operator durations from 10 to 60 min as typicallyused by global chemistry-transport models, and identify the operatordurations that optimize both computational expense and simulation accuracy.We find that longer continuous transport operator duration increasesconcentrations of emitted species such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxidesince a more homogeneous distribution reduces loss through chemical reactionsand dry deposition. The increased concentrations of ozone precursors increaseozone production with longer transport operator duration. Longer chemicaloperator duration decreases sulfate and ammonium but increases nitrate due tofeedbacks with in-cloud sulfur dioxide oxidation and aerosol thermodynamics.The simulation duration decreases by up to a factor of 5 from fine (5 min)to coarse (60 min) operator duration. We assess the change in simulationaccuracy with resolution by comparing the root mean square difference inground-level concentrations of nitrogen oxides, secondary inorganic aerosols,ozone and carbon monoxide with a finer temporal or spatial resolution takenas “truth”. Relative simulation error for these species increases by morethan a factor of 5 from the shortest (5 min) to longest (60 min) operatorduration. Chemical operator duration twice that of the transport operatorduration offers more simulation accuracy per unit computation. However, therelative simulation error from coarser spatial resolution generally exceedsthat from longer operator duration; e.g., degrading from2°  ×  2.5° to 4°  ×  5°increases error by an order of magnitude. We recommend prioritizing finespatial resolution before considering different operator durations in offlinechemistry-transport models. We encourage chemistry-transport model users tospecify in publications the durations of operators due to their effects onsimulation accuracy

Sensitivity of chemistry-transport model simulations to the duration of chemical and transport operators: a case study with GEOS-Chem v10-01