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It is commonly accepted that there is a need for a better understanding ofthe factors that contribute to air–sea interactions and their feedbacks. Inthis context it is important to develop advanced numerical predictionsystems that treat the atmosphere and the ocean as a unified system. Therealistic description and understanding of the exchange processes near theocean surface requires knowledge of the sea state and its evolution. Thiscan be achieved by considering the sea surface and the atmosphere as acontinuously cross-talking dynamic system. Following and adapting conceptsalready developed and implemented in large-scale numerical weather modelsand in hurricane simulations, this study aims to present the effort towardsdeveloping a new, high-resolution, two-way fully coupled atmosphere–ocean wave model in order to support both operational and research activities. Aspecific issue that is emphasized is the determination and parameterizationof the air–sea momentum fluxes in conditions of extremely high andtime-varying winds. Software considerations, data exchange as well ascomputational and scientific performance of the coupled system, the so-calledWEW (worketa-wam), are also discussed. In a case study of a high-impact weather and sea-state event, the wind–wave parameterization scheme reduces the resulted windspeed and the significant wave height as a response to the increasedaerodynamic drag over rough sea surfaces. Overall, WEW offers a morerealistic representation of the momentum exchanges in the ocean wind–wavesystem and includes the effects of the resolved wave spectrum on the dragcoefficient and its feedback on the momentum flux

A fully coupled atmosphere–ocean wave modeling system for the Mediterranean Sea: interactions and sensitivity to the resolved scales and mechanisms