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A new numerical model for the on-demand computation of optimal ship routes based on sea-state forecasts has been developed.  Themodel, named VISIR (discoVerIng Safe and effIcient Routes) is designed to support decision-makers when planning a marine voyage.  The first version of the system, VISIR-I, considers medium and small motor vessels with lengths of up to a few tens of metresand a displacement hull. The model is comprised of three components: a route optimization algorithm, a mechanical model of theship, and a processor of the environmental fields.  The optimization algorithm is based on a graph-search method with time-dependent edgeweights. The algorithm is also able to compute a voluntary ship speed reduction.  The ship model accounts for calm water andadded wave resistance by making use of just the principal particulars of the vessel as input parameters. It also checksthe optimal route for parametric roll, pure loss of stability, and surfriding/broaching-tohazard conditions. The processor of the environmental fields employssignificant wave height, wave spectrum peak period, and wave directionforecast fields as input. The topological issues of coastal navigation(islands, peninsulas, narrow passages) are addressed.  Examples of VISIR-I routes in the Mediterranean Sea are provided. The optimalroute may be longer in terms of miles sailed and yet it is faster and saferthan the geodetic route between the same departure and arrival locations.Time savings up to 2.7 % and route lengthening up to 3.2 % are found forthe case studies analysed. However, there is no upper bound for the magnitudeof the changes of such route metrics, which especially in case of extreme seastates can be much greater. Route diversions result from the safetyconstraints and the fact that the algorithm takes into account the fulltemporal evolution and spatial variability of the environmental fields

VISIR-I: small vessels – least-time nautical routes using wave forecasts