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Addition and validation of an oxygen cycle to the ocean component of theFAMOUS climate model are described. At the surface, FAMOUS overestimatesnorthern hemisphere oxygen concentrations whereas, at depth, the southernhemisphere values are too low. Surface validation is carried out with respectto HadGEM2-ES where, although good agreement is generally found,discrepancies are mainly attributed to disagreement in surface temperaturestructure between the models. The disagreement between the models at depth inthe Southern Hemisphere is attributed to a combination of excessive surfaceproductivity in FAMOUS' equatorial waters (and its concomitant effect onremineralisation at depth) and its reduced overturning circulation comparedto HadGEM2-ES. For the Atlantic basin FAMOUS has a circulation strength of12.7 ± 0.4 Sv compared to 15.0 ± 0.9 for HadGEM2-ES. Global-and basin-scale decomposition of meridional overturning circulation, oxygenconcentration and apparent oxygen utilisation (AOU) – a measure of thedeparture from equilibrium with the atmosphere – allows specific features ofthe climatology to be assigned to particular basins. For example, the globalsignal in overestimation of low-latitude Northern Hemisphere oxygen atintermediate depths is attributed to the Pacific. In addition, the inclusionof the AOU analysis enables explanation of oxygen-deficient deep water in theSouthern Hemisphere which is not seen in the Northern Hemisphere

Numerical simulations of oceanic oxygen cycling in the FAMOUS Earth-System model: FAMOUS-ES, version 1.0