English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

As part of a broader effort to develop next-generation models for  numerical weather prediction and climate applications,  a hydrostatic atmospheric dynamical core is developed as an intermediate  step to evaluate a finite-difference discretization  of the primitive equations on spherical icosahedral grids.  Based on the need for mass-conserving discretizations for  multi-resolution modelling as well as  scalability and efficiency on massively parallel computing architectures,  the dynamical core is built on triangular C-grids  using relatively small discretization stencils.This paper presents the formulation and performance  of the baseline version of the new dynamical core, focusing on  properties of the numerical solutions in the setting of globally  uniform resolution.  Theoretical analysis reveals that the discrete divergence operator  defined on a single triangular cell using the Gauss theorem is  only first-order accurate, and introduces grid-scale noise to  the discrete model. The noise can be suppressed by  fourth-order hyper-diffusion of the horizontal wind field using  a time-step and grid-size-dependent diffusion coefficient,  at the expense of stronger damping than in the reference spectral model.A series of idealized tests of different complexity are performed.  In the deterministic baroclinic wave test, solutions from the  new dynamical core show the expected sensitivity to horizontal resolution,  and converge to the reference solution at R2B6 (35 km grid spacing).  In a dry climate test, the dynamical core correctly reproduces  key features of the meridional heat and momentum transport by baroclinic eddies.  In the aqua-planet simulations at 140 km resolution,  the new model is able to reproduce the same equatorial wave  propagation characteristics as in the reference spectral model,  including the sensitivity of such characteristics to the meridional  sea surface temperature profile.These results suggest that the triangular-C  discretization provides a reasonable basis for further development.  The main issues that need to be addressed are the grid-scale noise  from the divergence operator which requires strong damping,  and a phase error of the baroclinic wave at medium and low resolutions

The ICON-1.2 hydrostatic atmospheric dynamical core on triangular grids – Part 1: Formulation and performance of the baseline version