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. The short-living cosmogenic isotope 7Be, which is produced by cosmic rays in theatmosphere, is often used as a tracer for atmospheric dynamics, with preciseand high-resolution measurements covering the recent decades. The long-livingisotope 10Be, as measured in polar ice cores with an annual resolution,is a proxy for long-term cosmic-ray variability, whose signal can, however,be distorted by atmospheric transport and deposition that need to be properlymodeled to be accounted for. While transport of 7Be can be modeled withhigh accuracy using the known meteorological fields, atmospheric transport of10Be was typically modeled using case-study-specific simulations orsimplified box models based on parameterizations. Thus, there is a need for arealistic model able to simulate atmospheric transport and deposition ofberyllium with a focus on polar regions and (inter)annual timescales that ispotentially able to operate in a self-consistent mode without the prescribedmeteorology. Since measurements of 10Be are extremely laborious andhence scarce, it is difficult to compare model results directly withmeasurement data. On the other hand, the two beryllium isotopes are believedto have similar transport and deposition properties, being different only inproduction and lifetime, and thus the results of 7Be transport can begenerally applied to 10Be. Here we present a new model, called CCMSOCOL-AERv2-BE, to trace isotopes of 7Be and 10Be in the atmospherebased on the chemistry–climate model (CCM) SOCOL (SOlar Climate Ozone Links),which has been improved by including modules for the production, deposition,and transport of 7Be and 10Be. Production of the isotopes was modeledfor both galactic and solar cosmic rays by applying the CRAC (Cosmic RayAtmospheric Cascade) model. Transport of 7Be was modeled withoutadditional gravitational settling due to the submicron size of the backgroundaerosol particles. An interactive deposition scheme was applied includingboth wet and dry deposition. Modeling was performed using a full nudging tothe meteorological fields for the period of 2002–2008 with a spin-up periodof 1996–2001. The modeled concentrations of 7Be in near-ground air werecompared with the measured ones at a weekly time resolution in four nearlyantipodal high-latitude locations: two in the Northern (Finland and Canada) andtwo in the Southern (Chile and the Kerguelen Islands) Hemisphere. The model resultsagree with the measurements in the absolute level within error bars, implyingthat the production, decay, and lateral deposition are correctly reproduced.The model also correctly reproduces the temporal variability of 7Beconcentrations on annual and sub-annual scales, including thepresence and absence of the annual cycle in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere,respectively. We also modeled the production and transport of 7Be for amajor solar energetic particle event (SPE) on 20 January 2005, which appearsinsufficient to produce a measurable signal but may serve as a reference eventfor historically known extreme SPEs. Thus, a new full 3D time-dependentmodel, based on CCM SOCOL, of 7Be and 10Be atmospheric production,transport, and deposition has been developed. Comparison with real dataon the 7Be concentration in the near-ground air validates the model and itsaccuracy.

Application of CCM SOCOL-AERv2-BE to cosmogenic beryllium isotopes: description and validation for polar regions