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. The development of chemical transport models with advanced physicsand chemical schemes could improve air-quality forecasts. In this study, theChina Meteorological Administration Unified Atmospheric ChemistryEnvironment (CUACE) model, a comprehensive chemistry module incorporatinggaseous chemistry and a size-segregated multicomponent aerosol algorithm,was coupled to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) framework with chemistry (WRF-Chem)using an interface procedure to build the WRF/CUACE v1.0 model. The latestversion of CUACE includes an updated aerosol dry deposition scheme and theintroduction of heterogeneous chemical reactions on aerosol surfaces. Weevaluated the WRF/CUACE v1.0 model by simulating PM2.5, O3,NO2, and SO2 concentrations for January, April, July, and October(representing winter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively) in 2013,2015, and 2017 and comparing them with ground-based observations. Secondaryinorganic aerosol simulations for the North China Plain (NCP), Yangtze RiverDelta (YRD), and Sichuan Basin (SCB) were also evaluated. The model captured wellthe variations of PM2.5, O3, and NO2 concentrationsin all seasons in eastern China. However, it is difficult to accuratelyreproduce the variations of air pollutants over SCB, due toits deep basin terrain. The simulations of SO2 were generallyreasonable in the NCP and YRD with the bias at −15.5 % and 24.55 %,respectively, while they were poor in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and SCB. The sulfate and nitratesimulations were substantially improved by introducing heterogeneous chemicalreactions into the CUACE model (e.g., change in bias from −95.0 % to4.1 % for sulfate and from 124.1 % to 96.0 % for nitrate in the NCP).Additionally, The WRF/CUACE v1.0 model was revealed with better performancein simulating chemical species relative to the coupled Fifth-Generation PennState/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) and CUACE model. The development of theWRF/CUACE v1.0 model represents an important step towards improvingair-quality modeling and forecasts in China.

Development of WRF/CUACE v1.0 model and its preliminary application in simulating air quality in China