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. The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer Cropping SystemsModel (DSSAT-CSM) is a widely used crop modeling system that has beenintegrated into large-scale modeling frameworks. Existing frameworksgenerate spatially explicit simulated outputs at grid points through aninefficient process of translation from binary spatially referencedinputs to point-specific text input files, followed by translation andaggregation back from point-specific text output files to binaryspatially referenced outputs. The main objective of this paper was todocument the design and implementation of a parallel gridded simulationframework for DSSAT-CSM. A secondary objective was to providepreliminary analysis of execution time and scaling of the new parallelgridded framework. The parallel gridded framework includes improved codefor model-internal data transfer, gridded input–output with the NetworkCommon Data Form (NetCDF) library, and parallelization of simulationsusing the Message Passing Interface (MPI). Validation simulations withthe DSSAT-CSM-CROPSIM-CERES-Wheat model revealed subtle discrepancies insimulated yield due to the rounding of soil parameters in the inputroutines of the standard DSSAT-CSM. Utilizing NetCDF for directinput–output produced a 3.7- to 4-fold reduction in execution timecompared to R- and text-based input–output. Parallelization improvedexecution time for both versions with between 12.2- (standard version)and 13.4-fold (parallel gridded version) speed-up when comparing 1 to 16compute cores. Estimates of parallelization of computation rangedbetween 99.2 % (standard version) and 97.3 % (parallel gridded version), indicating potential for scaling to higher numbers of compute cores.

Parallel gridded simulation framework for DSSAT-CSM (version 4.7.5.21) using MPI and NetCDF