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. The spurious double Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)is one of the most prominent systematic biases in coupled atmosphere–oceangeneral circulation models (CGCMs), and the underestimated marine stratusover eastern subtropical oceans has been recognized as a possiblecontributor. Rather than modifying the cloud scheme itself, this studysignificantly ameliorates the marine stratus simulation through improvingparameterizations of boundary-layer turbulence and shallow convection in themedium-resolution Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version 2(BCC-CSM2-MR). The University of Washington moist turbulence scheme isimplemented in BCC-CSM2-MR to better represent the stratocumulus, and adecoupling criterion is also introduced to the shallow convection schemefor improving the simulation of the stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition.Results show that the simulated precipitation in the eastern Pacific south of theEquator is largely reduced, alleviating the double ITCZ problem. Thetropical precipitation asymmetry index increases from −0.024 in theoriginal BCC-CSM2-MR to 0.147 in the revised BCC-CSM2-MR, which is muchcloser to the observation. The study suggests that improvingparameterizations of boundary-layer turbulence and shallow convection iseffective for mitigating the double ITCZ syndrome in CGCMs.

Mitigation of the double ITCZ syndrome in BCC-CSM2-MR through improving parameterizations of boundary-layer turbulence and shallow convection