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. The dry deposition process refers to flux loss of an atmosphericpollutant due to uptake of the pollutant by the Earth's surfaces, includingvegetation, underlying soil, and any other surface types. In chemistrytransport models (CTMs), the dry deposition flux of a chemical species istypically calculated as the product of its surface layer concentration andits dry deposition velocity (Vd); the latter is a variable that needs tobe highly empirically parameterized due to too many meteorological,biological, and chemical factors affecting this process. The gaseous drydeposition scheme of Zhang et al. (2003) parameterizes Vd for 31inorganic and organic gaseous species. The present study extends the schemeof Zhang et al. (2003) to include an additional 12 oxidized volatile organiccompounds (oVOCs) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), while keeping the originalmodel structure and formulas, to meet the demand of CTMs with increasingcomplexity. Model parameters for these additional chemical species areempirically chosen based on their physicochemical properties, namely theeffective Henry's law constants and oxidizing capacities. Modeled Vdvalues are compared against field flux measurements over a mixed forest inthe southeastern US during June 2013. The model captures the basicfeatures of the diel cycles of the observed Vd. Modeled Vd valuesare comparable to the measurements for most of the oVOCs at night. However,modeled Vd values are mostly around 1 cm s−1 during daytime, whichis much smaller than the observed daytime maxima of 2–5 cm s−1.Analysis of the individual resistance terms and uptake pathways suggests thatflux divergence due to fast atmospheric chemical reactions near the canopywas likely the main cause of the large model–measurement discrepanciesduring daytime. The extended dry deposition scheme likely providesconservative Vd values for many oVOCs. While higher Vd values andbidirectional fluxes can be simulated by coupling key atmospheric chemicalprocesses into the dry deposition scheme, we suggest that more experimentalevidence of high oVOC Vd values at additional sites is required toconfirm the broader applicability of the high values studied here. Theunderlying processes leading to high measured oVOC Vd values requirefurther investigation.

geoscientific model development

Extension of a gaseous dry deposition algorithm to oxidized volatile organic compounds and hydrogen cyanide for application in chemistry transport models