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. Large-scale deployment of bioenergy plantations would have adverseeffects on water resources. There is an increasing need to ensure theappropriate inclusion of the bioenergy crops in global hydrological models.Here, through parameter calibration and algorithm improvement, we enhancedthe global hydrological model H08 to simulate the bioenergy yield from twodedicated herbaceous bioenergy crops: Miscanthus and switchgrass. Site-specificevaluations showed that the enhanced model had the ability to simulate yieldfor both Miscanthus and switchgrass, with the calibrated yields being well within theranges of the observed yield. Independent country-specific evaluationsfurther confirmed the performance of the H08 (v.bio1). Using this improvedmodel, we found that unconstrained irrigation more than doubled the yieldunder rainfed condition, but reduced the water use efficiency (WUE) by32 % globally. With irrigation, the yield in dry climate zones can exceedthe rainfed yields in tropical climate zones. Nevertheless, due to the lowwater consumption in tropical areas, the highest WUE was found in tropicalclimate zones, regardless of whether the crop was irrigated. Our enhancedmodel provides a new tool for the future assessment of bioenergy–watertradeoffs.

Simulating second-generation herbaceous bioenergy crop yield using the global hydrological model H08 (v.bio1)