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. In this study, we evaluate a set of high-resolution (25–50 kmhorizontal grid spacing) global climate models (GCMs) from theHigh-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP), developed aspart of the EU-funded PRIMAVERA (Process-based climate simulation: Advances in high resolution modelling and European climate risk assessment) project, and from the EURO-CORDEX (Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment) regionalclimate models (RCMs) (12–50 km horizontal grid spacing) over a Europeandomain. It is the first time that an assessment of regional climateinformation using ensembles of both GCMs and RCMs at similar horizontalresolutions has been possible. The focus of the evaluation is on thedistribution of daily precipitation at a 50 km scale under current climateconditions. Both the GCM and RCM ensembles are evaluated againsthigh-quality gridded observations in terms of spatial resolution and stationdensity. We show that both ensembles outperform GCMs from the 5th CoupledModel Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), which cannot capture theregional-scale precipitation distribution properly because of their coarseresolutions. PRIMAVERA GCMs generally simulate precipitation distributionswithin the range of EURO-CORDEX RCMs. Both ensembles perform better insummer and autumn in most European regions but tend to overestimateprecipitation in winter and spring. PRIMAVERA shows improvements in thelatter by reducing moderate-precipitation rate biases over central andwestern Europe. The spatial distribution of mean precipitation is alsoimproved in PRIMAVERA. Finally, heavy precipitation simulated by PRIMAVERAagrees better with observations in most regions and seasons, while CORDEXoverestimates precipitation extremes. However, uncertainty exists in theobservations due to a potential undercatch error, especially during heavy-precipitation events. The analyses also confirm previous findings that, although the spatialrepresentation of precipitation is improved, the effect of increasingresolution from 50 to 12 km horizontal grid spacing in EURO-CORDEX dailyprecipitation distributions is, in comparison, small in most regions andseasons outside mountainous regions and coastal regions. Our results showthat both high-resolution GCMs and CORDEX RCMs provide adequate informationto end users at a 50 km scale.

geoscientific model development

European daily precipitation according to EURO-CORDEX regional climate models (RCMs) and high-resolution global climate models (GCMs) from the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP)