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. We developed a time-dependent dust source map for the NMME Dust Regional Atmospheric Model(DREAM v1.0) based on the satellite MODIS Normalized Difference VegetationIndex (NDVI). Areas with NDVI  are classified as active dust sources.The updated modeling system is tested for dust emission capabilities over SWAsia using a mesoscale model grid increment of 0.1 ∘ × 0.1 ∘ for a period of 1 year (2016). Our results indicate significantdeviations in simulated aerosol optical depths (AODs) compared to the staticdust source approach and general increase in dust loads over the selecteddomain. Comparison with MODIS AOD indicates a more realistic spatialdistribution of dust in the dynamic source simulations compared to the staticdust sources approach. The modeled AOD bias is improved from −0.140 to0.083 for the case of dust events (i.e., for AOD  >0.25 ) and from −0.933 to −0.424 for dust episodes with AOD  >1 . This new development can beeasily applied to other time periods, models, and different areas worldwidefor a local fine tuning of the parameterization and assessment of itsperformance.

geoscientific model development

Development of a dynamic dust source map for NMME-DREAM v1.0 model based on MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over the Arabian Peninsula