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. The Coupled ModelIntercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) HighResMIP is a new experimental design for globalclimate model simulations that aims to assess the impact of model horizontalresolution on climate simulation fidelity. We describe a hierarchy of globalcoupled model resolutions based on the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model 3 – Global Coupled vn 3.1 (HadGEM3-GC3.1) model that ranges froman atmosphere–ocean resolution of 130 km–1∘ to 25 km–1∕12∘, all using the same forcings and initial conditions. Inorder to make such high-resolution simulations possible, the experimentshave a short 30-year spinup, followed by at least century-long simulationswith constant forcing to assess drift. We assess the change in model biases as a function of both atmosphere andocean resolution, together with the effectiveness and robustness of this newexperimental design. We find reductions in the biases in top-of-atmosphereradiation components and cloud forcing. There are significant reductions insome common surface climate model biases as resolution is increased,particularly in the Atlantic for sea surface temperature and precipitation,primarily driven by increased ocean resolution. There is also a reduction indrift from the initial conditions both at the surface and in the deeperocean at higher resolution. Using an eddy-present and eddy-rich oceanresolution enhances the strength of the North Atlantic ocean circulation(boundary currents, overturning circulation and heat transport), while aneddy-present ocean resolution has a considerably reduced AntarcticCircumpolar Current strength. All models have a reasonable representation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation. In general, the biases present after 30 years of simulations do not change character markedly over longer timescales,justifying the experimental design.

Description of the resolution hierarchy of the global coupled HadGEM3-GC3.1 model as used in CMIP6 HighResMIP experiments