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. The evaluation and model element description of thesecond version of the unstructured-mesh Finite-volumE Sea ice-OceanModel (FESOM2.0) are presented. The new version of the modeltakes advantage of the finite-volume approach, whereas its predecessorversion, FESOM1.4 was based on the finite-element approach. The modelsensitivity to arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) linear and nonlinearfree-surface formulation, Gent–McWilliams eddy parameterization, isoneutral Redidiffusion and different vertical mixing schemes is documented. Thehydrographic biases, large-scale circulation, numerical performance andscalability of FESOM2.0 are compared with its predecessor, FESOM1.4. FESOM2.0shows biases with a magnitude comparable to FESOM1.4 and simulates a morerealistic Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Compared to its predecessor, FESOM2.0 provides clearlydefined fluxes and a 3 times higher throughput in terms of simulatedyears per day (SYPD). It is thus the first mature global unstructured-meshocean model with computational efficiency comparable to state-of-the-artstructured-mesh ocean models. Other key elements of the model and newdevelopment will be described in follow-up papers.

geoscientific model development

Assessment of the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (FESOM2.0) – Part 1: Description of selected key model elements and comparison to its predecessor version