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. Meteorological data providers release updated forecasts several times per day – at the forecast epochs.The first time step ( t=0 ) of each forecast, the so-called analysis step, is updated by a data-assimilation processso that the meteorological fields at this time in general do not match the fields from the previous forecast.Seen from the perspective of oceanographic modelling, the analysis step represents a possible discontinuity in the model forcing.Unless care is taken, this “meteorological discontinuity” may generate spurious waves in the ocean model.The problem is examined and quantified for a single meteorological model:the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS).A simple straightforward solution is suggested to overcome the forcing discontinuityand the effect on two particular ocean models is examined: the FCOO NA3 (North Atlantic 3 nm) storm-surge modeland the NS1C (North Sea–Baltic Sea 1 nm) circulation model.

Dealing with discontinuous meteorological forcing in operational ocean modelling: a case study using ECMWF-IFS and GETM (v2.5)