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Abstract. Herein, we present a description of the Mechanism of Intermediatecomplexity for Modelling Iron (MIMI v1.0). This iron processing module wasdeveloped for use within Earth system models and has been updated within amodal aerosol framework from the original implementation in a bulk aerosolmodel. MIMI simulates the emission and atmospheric processing of two mainsources of iron in aerosol prior to deposition: mineral dust and combustionprocesses. Atmospheric dissolution of insoluble to soluble iron isparameterized by an acidic interstitial aerosol reaction and a separatein-cloud aerosol reaction scheme based on observations of enhanced aerosoliron solubility in the presence of oxalate. Updates include a morecomprehensive treatment of combustion iron emissions, improvements to theiron dissolution scheme, and an improved physical dust mobilization scheme.An extensive dataset consisting predominantly of cruise-based observationswas compiled to compare to the model. The annual mean modelled concentrationof surface-level total iron compared well with observations but less so inthe soluble fraction (iron solubility) for which observations are much morevariable in space and time. Comparing model and observational data issensitive to the definition of the average as well as the temporal and spatialrange over which it is calculated. Through statistical analysis andexamples, we show that a median or log-normal distribution is preferred whencomparing with soluble iron observations. The iron solubilitycalculated at each model time step versus that calculated based on a ratioof the monthly mean values, which is routinely presented in aerosol studiesand used in ocean biogeochemistry models, is on average globally one-third(34 %) higher. We redefined ocean deposition regions based on dominantiron emission sources and found that the daily variability in soluble ironsimulated by MIMI was larger than that of previous model simulations. MIMIsimulated a general increase in soluble iron deposition to SouthernHemisphere oceans by a factor of 2 to 4 compared with the previousversion, which has implications for our understanding of the oceanbiogeochemistry of these predominantly iron-limited ocean regions.

geoscientific model development

Improved methodologies for Earth system modelling of atmospheric soluble iron and observation comparisons using the Mechanism of Intermediate complexity for Modelling Iron (MIMI v1.0)