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. We present multi-seasonal simulations representative ofpresent-day and future environments using the global Model for PredictionAcross Scales – Atmosphere (MPAS-A) version 5.1 with high resolution (15 km)throughout the Northern Hemisphere. We select 10 simulation years withvarying phases of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and integrate eachfor 14.5 months. We use analyzed sea surface temperature (SST) patterns forpresent-day simulations. For the future climate simulations, we alterpresent-day SSTs by applying monthly-averaged temperature changes derivedfrom a 20-member ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5(CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs) following the RepresentativeConcentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 emissions scenario. Daily sea ice fields,obtained from the monthly-averaged CMIP5 ensemble mean sea ice, are used forpresent-day and future simulations. The present-day simulations provide areasonable reproduction of large-scale atmospheric features in the NorthernHemisphere such as the wintertime midlatitude storm tracks,upper-tropospheric jets, and maritime sea-level pressure features as well asannual precipitation patterns across the tropics. The simulations alsoadequately represent tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics such as strength,spatial distribution, and seasonal cycles for most Northern Hemispherebasins. These results demonstrate the applicability of these modelsimulations for future studies examining climate change effects on variousNorthern Hemisphere phenomena, and, more generally, the utility of MPAS-Afor studying climate change at spatial scales generally unachievable inGCMs.

Evaluation of a unique approach to high-resolution climate modeling using the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere (MPAS-A) version 5.1