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. How the upper-atmosphere branch of the circulation contributes toand interacts with the circulation of the middle and lower atmosphereis a research area with many open questions. Inertia–gravity waves, for instance,have moved in the focus of research as they are suspected to be key featuresin driving and shaping the circulation. Numerical atmospheric models arean important pillar for this research. We use the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic(ICON) general circulation model, which is a joint developmentof the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M)and the German Weather Service (DWD), and provides, e.g., local mass conservation,a flexible grid nesting option, and a non-hydrostatic dynamical coreformulated on an icosahedral–triangular grid.We extended ICON to the upper atmosphere and present here the two main componentsof this new configuration named UA-ICON: an extension of the dynamical core fromshallow- to deep-atmosphere dynamics and the implementation of an upper-atmospherephysics package.A series of idealized test cases and climatological simulations is performedin order to evaluate the upper-atmosphere extension of ICON.

The upper-atmosphere extension of the ICON general circulation model (version: ua-icon-1.0)