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. We document the ability of the new-generation Oslochemistry-transport model, Oslo CTM3, to accurately simulate present-dayaerosol distributions. The model is then used with the new Community EmissionData System (CEDS) historical emission inventory to provide updated timeseries of anthropogenic aerosol concentrations and consequent directradiative forcing (RFari) from 1750 to 2014. Overall, Oslo CTM3 performs well compared with measurements of surfaceconcentrations and remotely sensed aerosol optical depth. Concentrations areunderestimated in Asia, but the higher emissions in CEDS than previousinventories result in improvements compared to observations. The treatmentof black carbon (BC) scavenging in Oslo CTM3 gives better agreement withobserved vertical BC profiles relative to the predecessor Oslo CTM2. However,Arctic wintertime BC concentrations remain underestimated, and a range ofsensitivity tests indicate that better physical understanding of processesassociated with atmospheric BC processing is required to simultaneouslyreproduce both the observed features. Uncertainties in model input data,resolution, and scavenging affect the distribution of all aerosols species,especially at high latitudes and altitudes. However, we find no evidence ofconsistently better model performance across all observables and regions inthe sensitivity tests than in the baseline configuration. Using CEDS, we estimate a net RFari in 2014 relative to 1750 of −0.17  W m −2 , significantly weaker than the IPCC AR5 2011–1750estimate. Differences are attributable to several factors, including strongerabsorption by organic aerosol, updated parameterization of BC absorption, andreduced sulfate cooling. The trend towards a weaker RFari over recent yearsis more pronounced than in the IPCC AR5, illustrating the importance ofcapturing recent regional emission changes.

Concentrations and radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols from 1750 to 2014 simulated with the Oslo CTM3 and CEDS emission inventory