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. Despite the importance of soil as a large component of theterrestrial ecosystem, the soil compartments are not well represented in land surfacemodels (LSMs). Indeed, soils in current LSMs are generally represented based on a verysimplified schema that can induce a misrepresentation of the deep dynamics of soilcarbon. Here, we present a new version of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) LSMcalled ORCHIDEE-SOM (ORganizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic EcosystEms-Soil OrganicMatter), incorporating the 14C dynamics into the soil. ORCHIDEE-SOM firstsimulates soil carbon dynamics for different layers, down to 2 m depth. Second,concentration of dissolved organic carbon and its transport are modelled. Finally, soilorganic carbon decomposition is considered taking into account the priming effect. After implementing 14C in the soil module of the model, we evaluated modeloutputs against observations of soil organic carbon and modern 14C fraction(F 14C ) for different sites with different characteristics. The model managed toreproduce the soil organic carbon stocks and the F 14C along the verticalprofiles for the sites examined. However, an overestimation of the total carbon stock wasnoted, primarily on the surface layer. Due to 14C , it is possible to probecarbon age in the soil, which was found to be underestimated. Thereafter, two differenttests on this new version have been established. The first was to increase carbonresidence time of the passive pool and decrease the flux from the slow pool to thepassive pool. The second was to establish an equation of diffusion, initially constantthroughout the profile, making it vary exponentially as a function of depth. The firstmodifications did not improve the capacity of the model to reproduce observations,whereas the second test improved both estimation of surface soil carbon stock as well assoil carbon age. This demonstrates that we should focus more on vertical variation insoil parameters as a function of depth, in order to upgrade the representation of theglobal carbon cycle in LSMs, thereby helping to improve predictions of the of soilorganic carbon to environmental changes.

geoscientific model development

The use of radiocarbon &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C to constrain carbon dynamics in the soil module of the land surface model ORCHIDEE (SVN r5165)