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. Single-column models (SCMs) have been used as tools to help develop numericalweather prediction and global climate models for several decades. SCMsdecouple small-scale processes from large-scale forcing, which allows thetesting of physical parameterisations in a controlled environment withreduced computational cost. Typically, either the ocean, sea ice oratmosphere is fully modelled and assumptions have to be made regarding theboundary conditions from other subsystems, adding a potential source oferror. Here, we present a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean SCM (AOSCM), whichis based on the global climate model EC-Earth3. The initial configuration ofthe AOSCM consists of the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean(NEMO3.6) (ocean), the Louvain-la-Neuve Sea Ice Model (LIM3) (sea ice), theOpen Integrated Forecasting System (OpenIFS) cycle 40r1 (atmosphere), andOASIS3-MCT (coupler). Results from the AOSCM are presented at three locations: the tropicalAtlantic, the midlatitude Pacific and the Arctic. At all three locations,in situ observations are available for comparison. We find that the coupledAOSCM can capture the observed atmospheric and oceanic evolution based oncomparisons with buoy data, soundings and ship-based observations. The modelevolution is sensitive to the initial conditions and forcing data imposed onthe column. Comparing coupled and uncoupled configurations of the model canhelp disentangle model feedbacks. We demonstrate that the AOSCM in thecurrent set-up is a valuable tool to advance our understanding in marine andpolar boundary layer processes and the interactions between the individualcomponents of the system (atmosphere, sea ice and ocean).

An EC-Earth coupled atmosphere–ocean single-column model (AOSCM.v1_EC-Earth3) for studying coupled marine and polar processes