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. We have coupled an Earth system model of intermediate complexity(LOVECLIM) to the Glacial Systems Model (GSM) using the LCice 1.0 coupler. The coupling schemeis flexible enough to enable asynchronous coupling between anyglacial cycle ice sheet model and (with some code work) any Earth system model ofintermediate complexity (EMIC).This coupling includes a number of interactions betweenice sheets and climate that are often neglected: dynamic meltwater runoff routing, novel downscalingfor precipitation that corrects orographic forcing to the higher resolution ice sheet grid (“advective precipitation”),dynamic vertical temperature gradient, andocean temperatures for sub-shelf melt. The sensitivity of thecoupled model with respect to the selected parameterizations andcoupling schemes is investigated. Each new coupling featureis shown to have a significant impact on ice sheet evolution. An ensemble of runs is used toexplore the behaviour of the coupled model over a set of 2000parameter vectors using present-day (PD) initial and boundaryconditions. The ensemble of coupled model runs is compared againstPD reanalysis data for atmosphere (2 m temperature,precipitation, jet stream, and Rossby number of jet), ocean (sea iceand Atlantic Meridional OverturningCirculation – AMOC), and Northern Hemisphereice sheet thickness and extent. The parameter vectors are thennarrowed by rejecting model runs (1700 CE to present) with regional land ice volumechanges beyond an acceptance range. The selected subsetforms the basis for ongoing work to explore the spatial–temporalphase space of the last two glacial cycles.

geoscientific model development

LCice 1.0 – a generalized Ice Sheet System Model coupler for LOVECLIM version 1.3: description, sensitivities, and validation with the Glacial Systems Model (GSM version D2017.aug17)