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. A system for source attribution of tropospheric ozone produced from both NOx and volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors is described, along with itsimplementation in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.2.2 usingCAM4. The user can specify an arbitrary number of tag identities for each NOx or VOC species in the model, and the tagging systemrewrites the model chemical mechanism and source code to incorporate taggedtracers and reactions representing these tagged species, as well as ozoneproduced in the stratosphere. If the user supplies emission files for thecorresponding tagged tracers, the model will produce tagged ozone tracerswhich represent the contribution of each of the tag identities to themodelled total tropospheric ozone. Our tagged tracers preserve Ox . The size of the tagged chemical mechanism scales linearlywith the number of specified tag identities. Separate simulations arerequired for NOx and VOC tagging, which avoids the sharingof tag identities between NOx and VOC species. Results arepresented and evaluated for both NOx and VOC sourceattribution. We show that northern hemispheric surface ozone is dominatedyear-round by anthropogenic emissions of NOx , but that themix of corresponding VOC precursors changes over the course of the year;anthropogenic VOC emissions contribute significantly to surface ozone inwinter–spring, while biogenic VOCs are more important in summer. The systemdescribed here can provide important diagnostic information about modelledozone production, and could be used to construct source–receptorrelationships for tropospheric ozone.

TOAST 1.0: Tropospheric Ozone Attribution of Sources with Tagging for CESM 1.2.2