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Fires have influenced atmospheric composition and climate since the rise of\udvascular plants, and satellite data have shown the overall global extent of\udfires. Our knowledge of historic fire emissions has progressively improved\udover the past decades due mostly to the development of new proxies and the\udimprovement of fire models. Currently, there is a suite of proxies including\udsedimentary charcoal records, measurements of fire-emitted trace gases and\udblack carbon stored in ice and firn, and visibility observations. These\udproxies provide opportunities to extrapolate emission estimates back in time\udbased on satellite data starting in 1997, but each proxy has strengths and\udweaknesses regarding, for example, the spatial and temporal extents over\udwhich they are representative. We developed a new historic biomass burning\udemissions dataset starting in 1750 that merges the satellite record with\udseveral existing proxies and uses the average of six models from the Fire\udModel Intercomparison Project (FireMIP) protocol to estimate emissions when\udthe available proxies had limited coverage. According to our approach, global\udbiomass burning emissions were relatively constant, with 10-year averages\udvarying between 1.8 and 2.3 Pg C yr<sup>−1</sup>. Carbon emissions increased\udonly slightly over the full time period and peaked during the 1990s after\udwhich they decreased gradually. There is substantial uncertainty in these\udestimates, and patterns varied\uddepending on choices regarding data representation, especially on regional\udscales. The observed pattern in fire carbon emissions is for a large part\uddriven by African fires, which accounted for 58 % of global fire carbon\udemissions. African fire emissions declined since about 1950 due to conversion\udof savanna to cropland, and this decrease is partially compensated for by\udincreasing emissions in deforestation zones of South America and Asia. These\udglobal fire emission estimates are mostly suited for global analyses and will\udbe used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6)\udsimulations

Historic global biomass burning emissions for CMIP6 (BB4CMIP) based on merging satellite observations with proxies and fire models (1750–2015)