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. A fibre-optic DTS (distributed temperature sensing) systemusing Raman-scattering optical time domain reflectometry was deployed tomonitor a boreal forest research site in the interior of Alaska. Surfacetemperatures range between −40 ∘ C in winter and 30  ∘ C insummer at this site. In parallel experiments, a fibre-optic cable sensorsystem (multi-mode, GI50/125, dual core; 3.4 mm), monitored athigh resolution, (0.5 m intervals at every 30 min) ground surfacetemperatures across the landscape. In addition, a high-resolution verticalprofile was acquired at one-metre height above the upper subsurface. The totalcable ran 2.7 km with about 2.0 km monitoring a horizontal surface path.Sections of the cable sensor were deployed in vertical coil configurations(1.2 m high) to measure temperature profiles from the ground up at 5 mmintervals. Measurements were made continuously over a 2-year interval fromOctober 2012 to October 2014. Vegetation at the site (Poker Flat ResearchRange) consists primarily of black spruce underlain by permafrost. Land covertypes within the study area were classified into six descriptive categories:relict thermokarst lake, open moss, shrub, deciduous forest, sparse coniferforest, and dense conifer forest. The horizontal temperature data exhibitedspatial and temporal changes within the observed diurnal and seasonalvariations. Differences in snow pack evolution and insulation effectsco-varied with the land cover types. The apparatus used to monitor verticaltemperature profiles generated high-resolution (ca. 5 mm) data for aircolumn, snow cover, and ground surface. This research also identified severaltechnical challenges in deploying and maintaining a DTS system undersubarctic environments.

geoscientific instrumentation, methods and data systems

Links between annual surface temperature variation and land cover heterogeneity for a boreal forest as characterized by continuous, fibre-optic DTS monitoring