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. NCAR EOL isinvestigating potential configurations for the next-generation airbornephased array radar (APAR) that is capable of retrieving dynamic andmicrophysical characteristics of clouds and precipitation. The APAR willoperate at C band. The APAR will use the electronic scanning (e-scan) featureto acquire the optimal number of independent samples for recording research-quality measurements. Since the airborne radar has only a limited time forcollecting measurements over a specified region (moving aircraft platform∼ 100 m s−1), beammultiplexing will significantly enhance its ability to collecthigh-resolution, research-quality measurements. Beam multiplexing reduceserrors in radar measurements while providing rapid updates of scan volumes.Beamwidth depends on the size of the antenna aperture. Beamwidth anddirectivity of elliptical, circular, and rectangular antenna apertures arecompared and radar sensitivity is evaluated for various polarimetricconfigurations and transmit–receive (T/R) elements. In the case of polarimetricmeasurements, alternate transmit with alternate receive (single-channelreceiver) and simultaneous reception (dual-channel receiver) is compared.From an overall architecture perspective, element-level digitization ofT/R module versus digital sub-array is considered withregard to flexibility in adaptive beamforming, polarimetric performance,calibration, and data quality. Methodologies for calibration of the radar andremoving bias in polarimetric measurements are outlined. The above-mentionedengineering options are evaluated for realizing an optimal APAR systemsuitable for measuring the high temporal and spatial resolutions of Dopplerand polarimetric measurements of precipitation and clouds.

Airborne polarimetric Doppler weather radar: trade-offs between various engineering specifications