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Compact data-taking electronics were developed for high-speed multilayermuon radiography in order to minimize operation failure rates. Byrequiring a linear trajectory within the position sensitive detectors(PSDs), the background (BG) events produced by vertical electromagnetic (EM)showers are effectively reduced. In order to confirm the feasibility of thismethod, the system comprising four PSD layers was tested by imaging theinternal structure of a parasitic cone and the adjacent craterlets formed inthe 1910 eruption at the base of the Usu volcano, Hokkaido with a conventional(MURG08) readout system (Kusagaya et al., 2012; Uchida et al., 2009). The newmountain is believed to be a cryptodome since its formation. Asknowledge on lava domes is accumulated at various volcanoes, the definitionof "cryptodome" is now doubted in its validity. The results of thepreliminary 290 h muon radiographic survey revealed that the"cryptodome" is not underlain by any lava mass and that a main craterletis accompanied by magma intrusions at shallow depths. The former verifiesthat the new mountain is not a cryptodome but a volcanogenetic mound, andthe latter interprets the phreatic explosions forming the craterlets asintrusions of magma into the aquifer. However, a higher data taking failurerate was observed with a software-based MURG08 system when the size of theactive area of the detection system was enlarged to improve the detectionability of the system. The newly developed MURG12 is a complete electronicssystem that can simultaneously process signals from 192 scintillationcounters with a data size of 600 kbps ch<sup>−1</sup> without operation failure. Weanticipate that the observation speed would be further improved by employingMURG12.At the base of the Usu volcano, in the 20th century, four eruptions occurred. Someof them demonstrated three characteristic stages of magma intrusions. First,a magma branch remained at a depth leaving an upheaval of the ground;second, it rose and reached aquifers causing phreatic explosions withoutextrusions; and third, it reacted with aquifers causing phreatic explosionsand further extruded over the ground forming a lava dome. In order toclarify the eruption mechanism of Usu, it is necessary for us to image manyparasitic cones. Based on the result of the test measurement, we anticipatethat MURG12 would be a strong tool for high-speed muon radiography

Possible application of compact electronics for multilayer muon high-speed radiography to volcanic cones