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. Landforms in different environmental ecosystems are formedthrough selective erosion and transport mechanisms by wind and water. Tounderstand their development, biochemical composition, and effect onneighbouring ecosystems, it is essential to better understand the formingprocesses and to be able to monitor the behaviour and transport of particlesthrough the landscape. Conventional methods to track and differentiatebetween organic and inorganic particles usually involve extensive samplingcampaigns that disturb the processes themselves. Therefore, this study aimedto prove that the method of photogrammetry, which is non-contact andnon-invasive, is able to quantify erosion rates and can also be used todifferentiate between organic and inorganic material. To prove this concept,a bottom-up experimental rainfall simulation set-up was conducted with sievedsand substrates of very narrow particle size distribution and biochar underhighly controlled conditions. By using two-dimensional index and reflectancemaps of the surface computed with the software Pix4D, the erosion of biocharwas estimated and compared to the actual erosion amount that was transportedalong the plot. The results show that photogrammetry has the potential todistinguish between a sandy substrate and biochar. An approximate decrease of5 % in biochar on the plot surfaces was detected in three out of fourrainfall experiments within the first 30 s. After these 30 s, the qualityof detection was significantly reduced due to shadow effects, which werefalsely classified as biochar as well. For future investigations on thistopic, it will be necessary to improve the lighting of the plot and thepost-processing of the images to reduce the error caused by shadows.Additional approaches that should be taken into account for further testexperiments are the full exclusion of external light, which means working inthe dark, and the use of hyperspectral cameras to detect different carbontypes.

Testing of photogrammetry for differentiation of soil organic carbon and biochar in sandy substrates