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From the colonial era up to the present, mega-irrigation\udprojects for agriculture have played a key role in the production of state\udspace in Sahelian Africa. Transferring a concept proposed by Agnew (1994)\udonto a different scale, it is possible to interpret these mega-projects as\ud<q>territorial traps</q>. In fact, they set up boundaries (physical,\udrelational, cognitive and operative) that force evolutive trajectories of\udthe areas involved along rigid pathways. In the aftermath of the systematic\udfailure of the mega-projects, farmers are faced with constraints determined\udby the trap imposed, without having any of the promised benefits in terms of\udproductive growth, i.e. income. In many situations, the farmers have\udidentified <q>a means of escape</q> from these catastrophes by transgressing\udthe boundaries imposed by the territorial traps and reintroducing parts of\udthe infrastructure to a common use. The case study traces the crisis, and\udultimately the failure, of the mega-irrigation projects constructed in the\ud1970s along the shores of Lake Chad in Nigeria

Interpreting mega-development projects as territorial traps: the case of irrigation schemes on the shores of Lake Chad (Borno State, Nigeria)