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In the Miocene, the drainage of the upperToce riverwith the Antrona, Ogliana di Pozzolo and VigezzoValleys as southernmost source branches, took placenorthwards to the Gries and Grimsel passes. As aMiocene Aar river, the upperToce deposited in theSwiss Lowland – as gravels testify – the Molasse fanof the Napf mountain area. The continental dividewas located between Monte Rosa and Gotthard farthersouth, in the Ossola valley between Domodossola and the Anza river mouth, in the Vigezzo tributariesnear Malesco.  In the younger Miocene the forming of the Helveticnappes at the Pennine front, their advance and slidingnorthwards with uplif ting of the Aar massif interruptedthis river course: the drainage was reversed.At the former divide S of Domodossola a lake wasdammed. Along joints its outlet, eut the rock bar.From the rising Monte Rosa it took up the Anzariver and followed its lower course.  During cool phases, first at the Miocene/Plioceneboundary, the Toce glacier entered the Vigezzo Valley. From LocarnoTicino ice entered the lowermostMaggia valley and directed Maggia and Onsernoneice into the Centovalli. Therefore the Vigezzo icewas pushed to the southern slope. It could onlyreach the Ticino glacier as a small ice flow with reducederosion power.  BesideWürmian moraines and erratic boulders, themaximum extension of the north-alpine glaciersgives indications of older maximum stages also inthe south-alpine areas. Uppermost carved rocksand transfluences in the Vigezzo valley show thehighest ice level at 1900 m in Rissian, Mindelian oreven older glacial times, at 1700 m in Würmian.From Malesco Vigezzo ice flowed over the Fineropass to the SE and reached the Ticino glacier. Fromthe Lago Maggiore basinTicino ice entered the lowermost Cannobina valley, dammed the overflowedVigezzo ice and caused the formation of rochesmoutonnées.  Rissian tili, cemented debris flows, interglacial lakedeposits with a thermophilous flora, overlying Würmian gravel and tili represent the Pleistocene sequencein the Vigezzo valley filling. The youngestdeepening of the Melezzo river ends in Rissian tili.Still in the early late-Würmian,Toce ice entered theVigezzo valley as far as Malesco and took up the Melezzo and Loana glaciers. From the Gridone mountain hanging glacier tongues descended into theCentovalli; Onsernone, Maggia and Ticino glaciershad became independent

Zur Talgeschichte zwischen Domodossola und Locarno : Valle d'Ossola, Val Vigezzo (Prov. di Novara) - Centovalli (Kt. Tessin) : 1. Teil