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. Some form of training is often necessary for citizenscience projects. While in some citizen science projects, it is possible tokeep tasks simple so that training requirements are minimal, other projectsinclude more challenging tasks and, thus, require more extensive training.Training can be a hurdle to joining a project, and therefore most citizenscience projects prefer to keep training requirements low. However, trainingmay be needed to ensure good data quality. In this study, we evaluatedwhether an online game that was originally developed for data qualitycontrol in a citizen science project can be used for training for thatproject. More specifically, we investigated whether the CrowdWater game canbe used to train new participants on how to place the virtual staff gauge inthe CrowdWater smartphone app for the collection of water level class data.Within this app, the task of placing a virtual staff gauge to startmeasurements at a new location has proven to be challenging; however, thisis a crucial task for all subsequent measurements at this location. Weanalysed the performance of 52 participants in the placement of the virtualstaff gauge before and after playing the online CrowdWater game as a form oftraining. After playing the game, the performance improved for mostparticipants. This suggests that players learned project-related tasksintuitively by observing actual gauge placements by other citizen scientistsin the game and thus acquired knowledge about how to best use the appinstinctively. Interestingly, self-assessment was not a good proxy for theparticipants' performance or the performance increase through the training.These results demonstrate the value of an online game for training. Thesefindings are useful for the development of training strategies for othercitizen science projects because they indicate that gamified approachesmight provide valuable alternative training methods, particularly when otherinformation materials are not used extensively by citizen scientists.

Training citizen scientists through an online game developed for data quality control