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DNA-based divergence time estimates suggested major\udchanges in the composition of epiphyte lineages of liverworts during the\udCretaceous; however, evidence from the fossil record is scarce. We present\udthe first Cretaceous fossil of the predominantly epiphytic leafy liverwort\udgenus Radula in ca. 100 Myr old Burmese amber. The fossil's exquisite preservation\udallows first insights into the morphology of early crown group\udrepresentatives of Radula occurring in gymnosperm-dominated forests. Ancestral\udcharacter state reconstruction aligns the fossil with the crown group of\udRadula subg. Odontoradula; however, corresponding divergence time estimates using the software\udBEAST lead to unrealistically old age estimates. Alternatively, assignment\udof the fossil to the stem of subg. Odontoradula results in a stem age estimate of\udRadula of 227.8 Ma (95 % highest posterior density (HPD): 165.7–306.7) and a crown group estimate of\ud176.3 Ma (135.1–227.4), in agreement with analyses employing standard substitution\udrates (stem age 235.6 Ma (142.9–368.5), crown group age 183.8 Ma (109.9–289.1)). The fossil likely belongs to the stem lineage of Radula subg.\udOdontoradula. The fossil's modern morphology suggests that switches from gymnosperm to\udangiosperm phorophytes occurred without changes in plant body plans in\udepiphytic liverworts. The fossil provides evidence for striking\udmorphological homoplasy in time. Even conservative node assignments of the\udfossil support older rather than younger age estimates of the Radula crown\udgroup,\udinvolving origins for most extant subgenera by the end of the Cretaceous\udand diversification of their crown groups in the Cenozoic

fossil record

A Burmese amber fossil of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Radula&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Porellales, Jungermanniopsida) provides insights into the Cretaceous evolution of epiphytic lineages of leafy liverworts