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. The way in which sediment is transported (creep,saltation, suspension), is traditionally interpreted from grain sizedistribution characteristics. However, the grain size range associated withtransitions from one transport mode to the other is highly variable becauseit depends on the amount of transport energy available. In this study wepresent a novel methodology for determination of the sediment transport modebased on grain size and shape data from dynamic image analysis. The data areintegrated into grain size–shape distributions, and primary components aredetermined using endmember modelling. In real-world datasets, primarycomponents can be interpreted in terms of different transport mechanismsand/or sediment sources. Accuracy of the method is assessed using artificialdatasets with known primary components that are mixed in known proportions.The results show that the proposed technique accurately identifies primarycomponents, with the exception of those primary components that only formminor contributions to the samples (highly mixed components). The new method is tested on sediment samples from an active aeolian systemin the Dutch coastal dunes. Aeolian transport processes and geomorphology ofthese type of systems are well known and can therefore be linked to thespatial distribution of endmembers to assess the physical significance ofthe method's output. The grain size–shape distributions of the aeolian dunedataset are unmixed into three primary components. The spatial distributionof these components is constrained by geomorphology and reflects the threedominant aeolian transport processes known to occur along a beach–dunetransect: bedload on the beach and in notches that were dug by man throughthe shore-parallel foredune ridge, modified saltation on the windward andleeward slope of the intact foredune, and suspension in the vegetatedhinterland. The three transport modes are characterised by distinctlydifferent trends in grain shape with grain size: with increasing size,bedload shows a constant grain regularity, modified saltation a minordecrease in grain regularity, and suspension a strong decrease in grainregularity. These trends, or in other words, the shape of the grainsize–shape distributions, can be used to determine the transport moderesponsible for an aeolian sediment deposit. Results of the method aretherefore less ambiguous than those of traditional grain size distributionendmember modelling, especially if multiple transport modes occur or ifprimary components overlap in terms of grain size but differ in grain shape.

Identifying sediment transport mechanisms from grain size–shape distributions, applied to aeolian sediments