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. The 17 June 2017 rock avalanche in the Karrat Fjord, West Greenland, caused atsunami that flooded the nearby village of Nuugaatsiaq and killed fourpeople. The disaster was entirely unexpected since no previous records oflarge rock slope failures were known in the region, and it highlighted theneed for better knowledge of potentially hazardous rock slopes in remoteArctic regions. The aim of the paper is to explore our ability to detect and locate unstablerock slopes in remote Arctic regions with difficult access. We test this byexamining the case of the 17 June 2017 Karrat rock avalanche. The workflowwe apply is based on a multidisciplinary analysis of freely available datacomprising seismological records, Sentinel-1 spaceborne synthetic-apertureradar (SAR) data, and Landsat and Sentinel-2 optical satellite imagery,ground-truthed with limited fieldwork. Using this workflow enables us toreconstruct a timeline of rock slope failures on the coastal slope herecollectively termed the Karrat Landslide Complex. Our analyses show that at least three recent rock avalanches occurred in theKarrat Landslide Complex: Karrat 2009, Karrat 2016, and Karrat 2017. Thelatter is the source of the abovementioned tsunami, whereas the first twoare described here in detail for the first time. All three are interpretedas having initiated as dip-slope failures. In addition to the recent rockavalanches, older rock avalanche deposits are observed, demonstrating older(Holocene) periods of activity. Furthermore, three larger unstable rockslopes that may pose a future hazard are described. A number of non-tectonicseismic events confined to the area are interpreted as recording rock slopefailures. The structural setting of the Karrat Landslide Complex, namelydip slope, is probably the main conditioning factor for the past and presentactivity, and, based on the temporal distribution of events in the area, wespeculate that the possible trigger for rock slope failures is permafrostdegradation caused by climate warming. The results of the present work highlight the benefits of amultidisciplinary approach, based on freely available data, to studying unstablerock slopes in remote Arctic areas under difficult logistical fieldconditions and demonstrate the importance of identifying minor precursorevents to identify areas of future hazard.

earth surface dynamics

Evolution of events before and after the 17 June 2017 rock avalanche at Karrat Fjord, West Greenland – a multidisciplinary approach to detecting and locating unstable rock slopes in a remote Arctic area