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. Although slow-moving landslides represent a substantialhazard, their detailed mechanisms are still comparatively poorly understood.We have conducted a suite of innovative laboratory experiments using novelequipment to simulate a range of porewater pressure and dynamic stressscenarios on samples collected from a slow-moving landslide complex in NewZealand. We have sought to understand how changes in porewater pressure andground acceleration during earthquakes influence the movement patterns ofslow-moving landslides. Our experiments show that during periods of elevatedporewater pressure, displacement rates are influenced by two components:first an absolute stress state component (normal effective stress state)and second a transient stress state component (the rate of change of normaleffective stress). During dynamic shear cycles, displacement rates arecontrolled by the extent to which the forces operating at the shear surfaceexceed the stress state at the yield acceleration point. The resultsindicate that during strong earthquake accelerations, strain will increaserapidly with relatively minor increases in the out-of-balance forces.Similar behaviour is seen for the generation of movement through increasedporewater pressures. Our results show how the mechanisms of shear zonedeformation control the movement patterns of large slow-movingtranslational landslides, and how they may be mobilised by strongearthquakes and significant rain events.

Displacement mechanisms of slow-moving landslides in response to changes in porewater pressure and dynamic stress