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. Many land surface processes, including splash dislodgment and downslope transport of soilmaterials, are influenced strongly by short-lived peaks in rainfall intensitybut are less well accounted for by longer-term average rates. Specifically,rainfall intensities reached over periods of 10–30 min appear to have moreexplanatory power than hourly or longer-period data. However, most analysesof rainfall, and particularly scenarios of possible future rainfall extremesunder climate change, rely on hourly data. Using two Australian pluviographrecords with 1 s resolution, one from an arid and one from a wet tropicalclimate, the nature of short-lived “intensity bursts” is analysed from the rawinter-tip times of the tipping bucket gauges. Hourly apparent rainfallintensities average just 1.43 mm h −1 at the wet tropical site and2.12 mm h −1 at the arid site. At the wet tropical site, intensitybursts of extreme intensity occur frequently, those exceeding30 mm h −1 occurring on average at intervals of  d and those of >60  mm h −1 occurring on average at intervals of  d. Thesebursts include falls of 13.2 mm in 4.4 min, the equivalent of180 mm h −1 , and 29 mm in 12.6 min, equivalent to 138 mm h −1 .Intensity bursts at the arid site are much less frequent, those of50–60 mm h −1 occurring at intervals of ∼1  month; moreover, thebursts have a much shorter duration. The aggregation of rainfall data tohourly level conceals the occurrence of many of these short-intensity bursts,which are potentially highly erosive. A short review examines some of themechanisms through which intensity bursts affect infiltration, overland flow,and soil dislodgment. It is proposed that more attention to resolving theseshort-lived but important aspects of rainfall climatology is warranted,especially in light of possible changes in rainfall extremes under climatechange.

earth surface dynamics

Rainfall intensity bursts and the erosion of soils: an analysis highlighting the need for high temporal resolution rainfall data for research under current and future climates