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. With densely populated areas well below mean sea level, theNetherlands relies heavily on its dunes to ensure coastal safety. About half of the sandycoastline, however, is subject to structural marine erosion and requires frequent sandnourishment as a counteractive measure. A key component of present-day coastal safetypolicy is creating favorable conditions for natural dune development. These conditionsessentially involve (1) a steady supply of wind-blown sand towards (2) a wideaccommodation space where sand can accumulate and dunes are sheltered from frequent stormsurge impacts. This paper examines to what extent an experimental mega-scale beachnourishment (termed Zandmotor in Dutch) has contributed to creatingaccommodation space favorable for dune development. Using publicly available airbornelidar data and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, favorable accommodation space is identifiedby comparing recent changes in coastal morphology against dune vegetation-cover dynamics.With a focus on European marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) as the most prominentdune-building species, this paper demonstrates that the Zandmotor supports anespecially high potential for incipient (embryo) dunes to develop as most of itsfavorable accommodation space is located on the beach. However, considering theconditions required for successful marram grass establishment as well as persistentanthropogenic disturbances arising from recreation and nature management practices, it isnot likely that dune development along this urbanized coastline reaches its fullpotential.

Accommodation space indicates dune development potential along an urbanized and frequently nourished coastline