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. On 24 July 2014, an exceptionally large flood (recurrence interval ca.150 years) caused large-scale inundations, severe overbank sedimentation, anddamage to infrastructure and buildings along the Emme River (centralSwitzerland). Widespread lateral bank erosion occurred along the river,thereby entraining sediment and large wood (LW) from alluvial forest stands.This work analyzes the catchment response to the flood in terms of channelwidening and LW recruitment and deposition, but also identifies the factorscontrolling these processes. We found that hydraulic forces (e.g., streampower index) or geomorphic variables (e.g., channel width, gradient, valleyconfinement), if considered alone, are not sufficient to explain the floodresponse. Instead, the spatial variability of channel widening was first drivenby precipitation and secondly by geomorphic variables (e.g., channel width,gradient, confinement, and forest length). LW recruitment was mainly caused bychannel widening (lateral bank erosion) and thus indirectly driven byprecipitation. In contrast, LW deposition was controlled by channelmorphology (mainly channel gradient and width). However, we also observedthat extending the analysis to the whole upper catchment of the Emme River byincluding all the tributaries and not only to the most affected zonesresulted in a different set of significant explanatory or correlatedvariables. Our findings highlight the need to continue documenting andanalyzing channel widening after floods at different locations and scales fora better process understanding. The identification of controlling factors canalso contribute to the identification of critical reaches, which in turn iscrucial for the forecasting and design of sound river basin managementstrategies.

earth surface dynamics

Impacts of a large flood along a mountain river basin: the importance of channel widening and estimating the large wood budget in the upper Emme River (Switzerland)