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Rock avalanches are extremely destructive and uncontrollable events that involve agreat volume of material (> 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>) and several complexprocesses, and they are difficult to witness. For this reason the study ofthese phenomena using analog modeling and the accurate analysis of depositstructures and features of laboratory data and historic events become ofgreat importance in the understanding of their behavior.  The main objective of this research is to analyze rock avalanche dynamicsand deformation process by means of a detailed structural analysis of thedeposits coming from data of 3-D measurements of mass movements of differentmagnitudes, from decimeter level scale laboratory experiments towell-studied rock avalanches of several square kilometers' magnitude.  Laboratory experiments were performed on a tilting plane on which a certainamount of a well-defined granular material is released, propagates andfinally stops on a horizontal surface. The 3-D geometrical model of thedeposit is then obtained using either a scan made with a 3-D digitizer(Konica Minolta VIVID 9i) or a photogrammetric method calledstructure from motion (SfM), which requires taking several pictures fromdifferent point of view of the object to be modeled.  In order to emphasize and better detect the fault structures present in thedeposits, we applied a median filter with different moving window sizes(from 3  ×  3 to 9  ×  9 nearest neighbors) to the 3-D datasets and a gradientoperator along the direction of propagation.  The application of these filters on the datasets results in (1) a precisemapping of the longitudinal and transversal displacement features observedat the surface of the deposits and (2) a more accurate interpretation ofthe relative movements along the deposit (i.e., normal, strike-slip, inversefaults) by using cross sections. Results show how the use of filteringtechniques reveals disguised features in the original point cloud and thatsimilar displacement patterns are observable both in the laboratorysimulation and in the real-scale avalanche, regardless the size of theavalanche. Furthermore, we observed how different structural features,including transversal fractures and folding patterns, tend to show a constantwavelength proportional to the size of the avalanche event

3-D models and structural analysis of rock avalanches: the study of the deformation process to better understand the propagation mechanism