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In this study, we assess the geomorphic role of a rare, large-magnitudelandslide-triggering event and consider its effect on mountain forestecosystems and the erosion of organic carbon in an Andean river catchment.Proximal triggers such as large rain storms are known to cause large numbersof landslides, but the relative effects of such low-frequency,high-magnitude events are not well known in the context of more regular,smaller events. We develop a 25-year duration, annual-resolution landslideinventory by mapping landslide occurrence in the Kosñipata Valley, Peru,from 1988 to 2012 using Landsat, QuickBird, and WorldView satellite images.Catchment-wide landslide rates were high, averaging 0.076 % yr−1 by area. Asa result, landslides on average completely turn over hillslopes every ∼  1320 years, although our data suggest that landslideoccurrence varies spatially and temporally, such that turnover times are likely to benon-uniform. In total, landslides stripped 26 ± 4 tC km−2 yr−1 of organic carbon from soil (80 %) and vegetation (20 %)during the study period. A single rain storm in March 2010 accounted for27 % of all landslide area observed during the 25-year study and accountedfor 26 % of the landslide-associated organic carbon flux. An approximatelylinear magnitude–frequency relationship for annual landslide areas suggeststhat large storms contribute an equivalent landslide failure area to the sumof lower-frequency landslide events occurring over the same period.However, the spatial distribution of landslides associated with the 2010storm is distinct. On the basis of precipitation statistics and landscapemorphology, we hypothesise that focusing of storm-triggered landslideerosion at lower elevations in the Kosñipata catchment may becharacteristic of longer-term patterns. These patterns may have implicationsfor the source and composition of sediments and organic material supplied toriver systems of the Amazon Basin, and, through focusing of regularecological disturbance, for the species composition of forested ecosystemsin the region

Storm-triggered landslides in the Peruvian Andes and implications for topography, carbon cycles, and biodiversity