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The thermal regime of permafrost on scree slopes and rock glaciers ischaracterized by the importance of air flow driven convective and advectiveheat transfer processes. These processes are supposed to be part of theenergy balance in the active layer of rock glaciers leading to lowersubsurface temperatures than would be expected at the lower limit ofdiscontinuous high mountain permafrost. In this study, new parametrizationswere introduced in a numerical soil model (the Coup Model) to simulatepermafrost temperatures observed in a borehole at the Murtèl rock glacierin the Swiss Alps in the period from 1997 to 2008. A soil heat sink andsource layer was implemented within the active layer, which was parametrizedexperimentally to account for and quantify the contribution of air flowdriven heat transfer on the measured permafrost temperatures. Theexperimental model calibration process yielded a value of about28.9 Wm−2 for the heat sink during the period from mid September to midJanuary and one of 26 Wm−2 for the heat source in the period from Juneto mid September. Energy balance measurements, integrated over a 3.5 m-thickblocky surface layer, showed seasonal deviations between a zero energybalance and the calculated sum of the energy balance components of around5.5 Wm−2 in fall/winter, −0.9 Wm−2 in winter/spring and around−9.4 Wm−2 in summer. The calculations integrate heat exchangeprocesses including thermal radiation between adjacent blocks, turbulent heatflux and energy storage change in the blocky surface layer. Finally, it ishypothesized that these deviations approximately equal unmeasured freezingand thawing processes within the blocky surface layer

A two-sided approach to estimate heat transfer processes within the active layer of the Murtèl–Corvatsch rock glacier