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A climatology of moisture sources linked with CentralAmerican precipitation was computed based upon Lagrangian trajectories forthe analysis period 1980–2013. The response of the annual cycle ofprecipitation in terms of moisture supply from the sources was analysed.Regional precipitation patterns are mostly driven by moisture transport fromthe Caribbean Sea (CS). Moisture supply from the eastern tropical Pacific (ETPac) and northern South America (NSA) exhibits a strong seasonal pattern but weaker compared to CS. The regional distribution of rainfall is largely influenced by a local signal associated with surface fluxes during the first part of the rainy season, whereas large-scale dynamics forces rainfallduring the second part of the rainy season. The Caribbean Low Level Jet (CLLJ)and the Chocó Jet (CJ) are the main conveyors of regionalmoisture, being key to define the seasonality of large-scale forcedrainfall. Therefore, interannual variability of rainfall is highly dependentof the regional LLJs to the atmospheric variability modes. The ElNiño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was found to be the dominant modeaffecting moisture supply for Central American precipitation via themodulation of regional phenomena. Evaporative sources show opposite anomalypatterns during warm and cold ENSO phases, as a result of the strengtheningand weakening, respectively, of the CLLJ during the summer months. Trends inboth moisture supply and precipitation over the last three decades werecomputed, results suggest that precipitation trends are not homogeneous forCentral America. Trends in moisture supply from the sources identified showa marked north–south seesaw, with an increasing supply from the CSSea to northern Central America. Long-term trends in moisture supply arelarger for the transition months (March and October). This might haveimportant implications given that any changes in the conditions seen duringthe transition to the rainy season may induce stronger precipitation trends

Role of moisture transport for Central American precipitation