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Volcanic aerosols exert the most important natural radiative forcing of thelast millennium. State-of-the-art paleoclimate simulations of this intervalare typically forced with diverse spatial patterns of volcanic forcing,leading to different responses in tropical hydroclimate. Recently,theoretical considerations relating the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)position to the demands of global energy balance have emerged in theliterature, allowing for a connection to be made between the paleoclimatesimulations and recent developments in the understanding of ITCZ dynamics.These energetic considerations aid in explaining the well-known historical,paleoclimatic, and modeling evidence that the ITCZ migrates away from thehemisphere that is energetically deficient in response to asymmetric forcing. Here we use two separate general circulation model (GCM) suites ofexperiments for the last millennium to relate the ITCZ position toasymmetries in prescribed volcanic sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere andrelated asymmetric radiative forcing. We discuss the ITCZ shift in thecontext of atmospheric energetics and discuss the ramifications oftransient ITCZ migrations for other sensitive indicators of changes in thetropical hydrologic cycle, including global streamflow. For the first time,we also offer insight into the large-scale fingerprint of waterisotopologues in precipitation (δ18Op) inresponse to asymmetries in radiative forcing. The ITCZ shifts away from the hemisphere with greater volcanic forcing.Since the isotopic composition of precipitation in the ITCZ is relativelydepleted compared to areas outside this zone, this meridional precipitationmigration results in a large-scale enrichment (depletion) in the isotopiccomposition of tropical precipitation in regions the ITCZ moves away from(toward). Our results highlight the need for careful consideration of thespatial structure of volcanic forcing for interpreting volcanic signals inproxy records and therefore in evaluating the skill of Common Era climatemodel output

Hemispherically asymmetric volcanic forcing of tropical hydroclimate during the last millennium