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Moisture recycling, the contribution of terrestrial evaporation toprecipitation, has important implications for both water and land management.Although terrestrial evaporation consists of different fluxes (i.e.transpiration, vegetation interception, floor interception, soil moistureevaporation, and open-water evaporation), moisture recycling (terrestrialevaporation–precipitation feedback) studies have up to now only analysedtheir combined total. This paper constitutes the first of two companionpapers that investigate the characteristics and roles of differentevaporation fluxes for land–atmosphere interactions. Here, we investigatethe temporal characteristics of partitioned evaporation on land and presentSTEAM (Simple Terrestrial Evaporation to Atmosphere Model) – a hydrologicalland-surface model developed to provide inputs to moisture tracking. STEAMestimates a mean global terrestrial evaporation of73 900 km<sup>3</sup> year<sup>-1</sup>, of which 59% is transpiration. Despitea relatively simple model structure, validation shows that STEAM producesrealistic evaporative partitioning and hydrological fluxes that compare wellwith other global estimates over different locations, seasons, and land-usetypes. Using STEAM output, we show that the terrestrial residence timescaleof transpiration (days to months) has larger inter-seasonal variation and issubstantially longer than that of interception (hours). Most transpirationoccurs several hours or days after a rain event, whereas interception isimmediate. In agreement with previous research, our simulations suggest thatthe vegetation's ability to transpire by retaining and accessing soilmoisture at greater depth is critical for sustained evaporation during thedry season. We conclude that the differences in temporal characteristicsbetween evaporation fluxes are substantial and reasonably can causedifferences in moisture recycling, which is investigated more in thecompanion paper (van der Ent et al., 2014, hereafter Part 2)

Contrasting roles of interception and transpiration in the hydrological cycle – Part 1: Temporal characteristics over land