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. The emphasis for informing policy makers on futuresea-level rise has been on projections by the end of the 21st century.However, due to the long lifetime of atmospheric CO2, the thermalinertia of the climate system and the slow equilibration of the ice sheets,global sea level will continue to rise on a multi-millennial timescale evenwhen anthropogenic CO2 emissions cease completely during the comingdecades to centuries. Here we present global sea-level change projectionsdue to the melting of land ice combined with steric sea effects during the next10 000 years calculated in a fully interactive way with the Earth systemmodel of intermediate complexity LOVECLIMv1.3. The greenhouse forcing isbased on the Extended Concentration Pathways defined until 2300 CE with nocarbon dioxide emissions thereafter, equivalent to a cumulative CO2release of between 460 and 5300 GtC. We performed one additional experimentfor the highest-forcing scenario with the inclusion of a methane emissionfeedback where methane is slowly released due to a strong increase insurface and oceanic temperatures. After 10 000 years, the sea-level changerate drops below 0.05 m per century and a semi-equilibrated state isreached. The Greenland ice sheet is found to nearly disappear for allforcing scenarios. The Antarctic ice sheet contributes only about 1.6 m tosea level for the lowest forcing scenario with a limited retreat of thegrounding line in West Antarctica. For the higher-forcing scenarios, themarine basins of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet also become ice free,resulting in a sea-level rise of up to 27 m. The global mean sea-levelchange after 10 000 years ranges from 9.2 to more than 37 m. For thehighest-forcing scenario, the model uncertainty does not exclude the completemelting of the Antarctic ice sheet during the next 10 000 years.

Semi-equilibrated global sea-level change projections for the next 10 000 years