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Analysis of Earth system dynamics in the Anthropocene requires to explicitlytake into account the increasing magnitude of processes operating in humansocieties, their cultures, economies and technosphere and their growingfeedback entanglement with those in the physical, chemical and biologicalsystems of the planet. However, current state-of-the-art Earth System Models donot represent dynamic human societies and their feedback interactions with thebiogeophysical Earth system and macroeconomic Integrated Assessment Modelstypically do so only with limited scope. This paper (i) proposes designprinciples for constructing World-Earth Models (WEM) for Earth system analysisof the Anthropocene, i.e., models of social (World) - ecological (Earth)co-evolution on up to planetary scales, and (ii) presents the copan:CORE opensimulation modeling framework for developing, composing and analyzing such WEMsbased on the proposed principles. The framework provides a modular structure toflexibly construct and study WEMs. These can contain biophysical (e.g. carboncycle dynamics), socio-metabolic/economic (e.g. economic growth) andsocio-cultural processes (e.g. voting on climate policies or changing socialnorms) and their feedback interactions, and are based on elementary entitytypes, e.g., grid cells and social systems. Thereby, copan:CORE enables theepistemic flexibility needed for contributions towards Earth system analysis ofthe Anthropocene given the large diversity of competing theories andmethodologies used for describing socio-metabolic/economic and socio-culturalprocesses in the Earth system by various fields and schools of thought. Toillustrate the capabilities of the framework, we present an exemplary andhighly stylized WEM implemented in copan:CORE that illustrates how endogenizingsocio-cultural processes and feedbacks could fundamentally change macroscopicmodel outcomes.

Earth system modeling with endogenous and dynamic human societies: the copan:CORE open World-Earth modeling framework