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Rapa Nui, an isolated island in the Southeast Pacific, was  settled by the Polynesians most likely around 1200 AD  and was discovered by the Europeans in 1722 AD. While the  Polynesians presumably found a profuse palm woodland on Rapa  Nui, the Europeans faced a landscape dominated by  grassland. Scientists have examined potential anthropogenic,  biological and climatic induced vegetation changes on Rapa Nui.  Here, we analyse observational climate data for the  last decades and climate model results for the period  800–1750 AD to explore the potential for  a climatic-induced vegetation change. A direct influence of  the ENSO phenomenon on the climatic parameters of Rapa  Nui could not be found in the model  simulations. Furthermore, strong climatic trends from a warm  Medieval Period to a Little Ice Age or rapid climatic  fluctuations due to large volcanic eruptions were not  verifiable for the Rapa Nui region, although they are  detectable in the simulations for many regions world  wide. Hence, we tentatively conclude that large-scale climate  changes in the oceanic region around Rapa Nui might be  too small to explain strong vegetation changes on the island  over the last millennium

Simulated climate variability in the region of Rapa Nui during the last millennium